In my opinion the best in my area is Jerome Bruner, who impulse the cognitive psychology, whit his cognitive theory of discovery, developing the idea “scaffolding”. Raises the “Theory of categorization”, activity that has a rule essential throughout the learning process, being the condition indispensable to learn an significant information, is to have the personal experience of discovery.
Students represent the contents second different categories or forms: enacted (in act) through a series of motor operations or actions appropriate to achieve a result; iconic are mental images or graphics without movement, based on data perceived or imagined representing a concept without defining fully; and finally symbolic through a series of logical propositions derived from a system governed by rules or laws to transform the propositions.
Suggest that the teachers should vary their methodological strategy according to the state of evolution and development of the students. Therefore, new materials should teach first through action and then move through the iconic level, each at the right time development of student, and thus able to address the symbolic level.
"Any subject can be taught effectively in some intellectual honestly to any child at any stage of its development"
I like the guides because I am in my career, offers theories that enable us to understand how students learn, provides strategies to support learning, which should take an active and constructive, for discovery, it is crucial that students learn learn. The teacher acts as guide and student until the student can act with greater independence and autonomy.